Antidiabetic properties of polysaccharide- and polyphenolic-enriched fractions from the brown seaweed Ascophyllum nodosum
Bibliographic record
Abstract
\n\t\t\t\t\tWe screened seaweed species from Atlantic Canada for antidiabetic activity by testing extracts for &alpha;-glucosidase inhibitory effect and glucose uptake stimulatory activity. An aqueous ethanolic extract of Ascophyllum nodosum was found to be active in both assays, inhibiting rat intestinal &alpha;-glucosidase (IC50 = 77 &mu;g/mL) and stimulating basal glucose uptake into 3T3-L1 adipocytes during a 20-minute incubation by about 3-fold (at 400 &mu;g/mL extract). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the A. nodosum extract showed that &alpha;-glucosidase inhibition was associated with polyphenolic components in the extract. These polyphenolics, along with other constituents appeared to be responsible for the stimulatory activity on glucose uptake. However, attempts to further concentrate this activity through fractionation techniques were unsuccessful. A crude polyphenol extract (PPE), an enriched polyphenolic fraction (PPE-F1) and a polysaccharide extract (PSE) were prepared from commercial A. nodosum powder and administered to streptozotocin-diabetic mice for up to 4-weeks by daily gavage at 200 mg/kg body mass. PPE and PPE-F1 improved fasting serum glucose level in diabetic mice; however, the effect was only statistically significant at day 14. In addition, PPE-F1 was shown to blunt the rise in blood glucose after an oral sucrose tolerance test in diabetic mice. Mice treated with PPE and PPE-F1 had decreased blood total cholesterol and glycated serum protein levels compared with untreated diabetic mice, whereas PPE also normalized the reduction in liver glycogen level that occurred in diabetic animals. All 3 A. nodosum preparations improved blood antioxidant capacity.<br /><br />On a &eacute;tablit une recherche d&rsquo;un produit anti-diab&eacute;tique, parmi les algues locales de la r&eacute;gion Atlantique du Canada, en examinant la capacit&eacute; d&rsquo;un effet inhibiteur de l&rsquo;enzyme &alpha;-glucosidase et une stimulation de l&rsquo;incorporation cellulaire du glucose. Un extrait &eacute;thanol-aqueux de Ascophyllum nodosum nous a donn&eacute; une activit&eacute; positive chez les deux essais, une inhibition de l&rsquo;&alpha;-glucosidase provenant de l&rsquo;intestin du rat (IC50 = 77 &mu;g/mL) et puis une stimulation triple, &agrave; une concentration de 400 &mu;g/mL, de l&rsquo;incorporation du glucose dans les adipocytes 3T3-L1 durant une p&eacute;riode de 20 minutes. L&rsquo;extrait de A. nodosum a &eacute;t&eacute; divis&eacute;, guid&eacute; par les r&eacute;sultats biologiques, et a ainsi d&eacute;montr&eacute; la pr&eacute;sence d&rsquo;&eacute;l&eacute;ments polyph&eacute;noliques associ&eacute; &agrave; l&rsquo;inhibition de l&rsquo;&alpha;-glucosidase. Ces &eacute;l&eacute;ments polyph&eacute;noliques ainsi que d&rsquo;autres semblent &ecirc;tre responsables de l&rsquo;incorporation stimul&eacute;e du glucose. Il a &eacute;t&eacute; impossible de raffiner cette activit&eacute; lors d&rsquo;une division des composants. Un extrait brut polyph&eacute;nolique (PPE), un extrait enrichi polyph&eacute;nolique (PPE-F1) et puis un extrait polysaccharide (PSE) furent pr&eacute;par&eacute;s d&rsquo;une poudre commerciale de A. nodosum et utilis&eacute;s dans une &eacute;tude utilisant des souris, rendues diab&eacute;tiques par injections de streptozotocin, trait&eacute;es par un gavage journalier de l&rsquo;extrait 200 mg/kg du poids corporel durant une p&eacute;riode de 4 semaines. Le taux du glucose sanguin &agrave; jeun des souris fut moins &eacute;lev&eacute; en pr&eacute;sence des extraits qu&rsquo;en leurs absence. Cependant, l&rsquo;effet &eacute;tait seulement significatif au jour 14. Les r&eacute;sultats &eacute;tant toutefois variables. En plus, lors d&rsquo;un essai oral de la tol&eacute;rance au sucrose chez la souris diab&eacute;tique, l&rsquo;extrait PPE-F1 a emp&ecirc;ch&eacute; l&rsquo;augmentation du taux du glucose sanguin. Les extraits PPE et PPE-F1 ont r&eacute;duit le taux de cholest&eacute;rol sanguin et les niveaux de glycation des prot&eacute;ines en comparaison de ces niveaux en absence des extraits tandis que l&rsquo;extrait PPE a pr&eacute;sent&eacute; une r&eacute;duction du niveau de glycog&egrave;ne du foie chez les souris diab&eacute;tiques. Les trois extraits de A. nodosum ont tous am&eacute;lior&eacute; la capacit&eacute; antioxidante du sang.<br />\n\t\t\t\t
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".