Photoanode development for photoelectrochemical water splitting
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abundant materials, cheap synthesis methods and high efficiencies are required for photoelectrodes materials to enable commercial water splitting through photoelectrochemical processes. In this work, the synthesis and improvement through an electrochemical modification of the n-type semiconductor BiVO4 for oxygen evolution is presented. The modification consisted on a dynamic polarization in a three-electrode cell. The pristine and modified BiVO4 were evaluated through electrochemical and photoelectrochemical methods. The modification was found to increase the photocurrent by 80% compared to pristine BiVO₄ at 1.23 V vs RHE and increase in the incident photon-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) by up to 20% at 400 nm. A photocathode for hydrogen evolution was synthetized and tested along with the BiVO4 photoanode in a two electrode photoelectrochemical cell. Water splitting was obtained without external bias and an improvement of 33% in the solar to hydrogen (STH) efficiency was obtained with the modified material. Based on results gathered through electrochemical, photoelectrochemical and physical-chemical characterization, the modification causes the insertion of hydrogen into the lattice and distorts the crystal structure. Moreover, the amount of V4+ in the photoanode increases and there is OH adsorption in the surface. These results provide evidence for improved overall performance.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".