"Énigme de Montréal": l'exil de Dany Laferrière
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The aim of the article "Enigma of Montreal" – Dany Laferrière's exile is to analyze the picture of Montreal in Dany Laferrière's novels where this city is presented as a place of exile of several characters having a strong autobiographic dimension. Dany Laferrière, Quebecois writer of Haitian origin, arrived to Montréal in 1976. Not only in his first novels of provocative titles, but especially in the works where he later reconsiders his stay in Montreal, first of all Chronique de la dérive douce, and also the matching novel to it, L'Enigme du retour, he expresses his relations towards the city of Montreal as a narrator-immigrant, whose feelings crystallized during the years when he tried to understand the Canadian city, so different from Port-au-Prince, his native town that had influenced his young age. In the beginning of exile every immigrant is surprised by a new space and its physical character. Everything is so different for an immigrant coming from Haiti – the adjustment to the climate is connected with the adjustment to a new culture and people's habits. Laferrière's ironical style and his satirical pictures target Canadian society criticizing its political and social problems. He is laughing at the two solitudes adding a third one, that of a black immigrant. Laferrière points out contrasts between the open character of the city with walls and barriers between people. Nevertheless, the city of Montreal has even another face. It's a city of culture and the immigrant can find there friends and compatriots of the republic of literature. The only way how to live in this city is to adjust and build relations with the new, adopted place.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.021 | 0.014 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".