MétaCan
Menu
Back to cohort
Record W7074668508

God’s Garden: Nature, Order, and the Presbyterian Conception of the British North American “Wilderness”

2018· article· en· W7074668508 on OpenAlexaboutno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueProject Muse (Johns Hopkins University) · 2018
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldPhysics and Astronomy
TopicTheoretical and Computational Physics
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsDominionWildernessPietyIndigenousSophisticationChristianityCalvinismNatural (archaeology)
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Evocations of the natural world featured prominently within British North American Presbyterianism between the late eighteenth century, which witnessed an influx of Presbyterians into what became the Dominion of Canada, and the mid-nineteenth century, which witnessed patterns of urbanization, industrialization, and technological sophistication through which human beings attained unprecedented control over vast swathes of territory. Influenced by an ancient tradition deeply ingrained in Western culture, Presbyterians saw the undomesticated environment, or wilderness, as a formidable physical reality that needed to be wrestled into submission. They also saw it, however, as a metaphorical wasteland whose abject sinfulness mirrored humanity’s fallen state. For all their concerns about the iniquity that purportedly pervaded untamed nature, Presbyterians felt that the forbidding wilderness could be transformed into a benign garden through the vigorous promotion of Christianity among both settlers and Indigenous peoples alike. Their fondness for natural environments that had supposedly been imbued with holiness demonstrates that the Presbyterians’ hostility toward what they perceived as the wilderness did not render them averse to nature, per se. Members of the denomination used stereotypically feminine language in referring to natural environments that had seemingly been redeemed and were no longer regarded as ominous. Moreover, they interpreted patterns of material improvement—as exhibited, for instance, in the emergence of fruitful farms and bustling towns—as the inevitable corollary to the propagation of unalloyed piety in backwoods settings. Presbyterian efforts to Christianize undomesticated environments found expression in a thoroughgoing Calvinism and an emphasis on distinctive ecclesiastical traditions known as communion festivals, which served to differentiate the denomination from other Protestant groups. Ultimately, an investigation of Presbyterian attitudes toward the wilderness reveals that religious impulses contributed to human efforts to subjugate nature while environmental phenomena galvanized Christian evangelism. Résumé: L’évocation de la nature est un trait dominant du presbytérianisme britannique nordaméricain entre la fin du XVIIIe siècle, où l’on a assisté à l’arrivée de presbytériens dans ce qui allait devenir le dominion du Canada, et le milieu du XIXe siècle, où se sont développés des modes d’urbanisation, d’industrialisation et de perfectionnement technologique grâce auxquels l’humanité allait s’assurer d’une domination sans précédent sur d’immenses pans du territoire. Sous l’influence d’une tradition profondément ancrée dans la culture occidentale, les presbytériens concevaient l’environnement non domestiqué, la nature sauvage, comme une réalité physique d’une puissance formidable qu’il fallait combattre et soumettre. Ils la percevaient aussi, métaphoriquement, comme une friche dont le caractère profondément honteux reflétait le statut de l’humanité déchue. Malgré leurs préoccupations au sujet de l’iniquité censée pervertir la nature indomptée, les presbytériens sentaient que la nature inhospitalière pouvait être transformée en jardin inoffensif par la promotion énergique du christianisme auprès des colons comme des autochtones. Leur attachement aux milieux naturels qu’ils supposaient imprégnés de sainteté montre que leur hostilité envers ce qu’ils percevaient comme sauvage n’en faisait pas des ennemis de la nature en soi. Les membres de cette confession employaient un vocabulaire féminin stéréotypé pour faire référence aux milieux naturels qui semblaient avoir reçu la rédemption et n’étaient plus jugés menaçants. Plus encore, les presbytériens interprétaient les signes d’une amélioration matérielle – par exemple, l’émergence de fermes productives et de villes animées – comme un corolaire inévitable de la propagation d’une piété parfaite en milieu reculé. Les efforts des presbytériens pour christianiser les endroits non domestiqués s’exprimaient par un calvinisme convaincu et un penchant pour certaines traditions ecclésiastiques particulières, tels les festivals eucharistiques (communion festivals), qui servaient à distinguer cette confession des autres groupes protestants. En définitive, l’examen des attitudes des presbytériens envers la nature sauvage révèle que les élans religieux ont aidé les humains à dominer la nature, tandis que les phénomènes naturels ont galvanisé l’évangélisme chrétien.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.401
Threshold uncertainty score0.808

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0010.001
Science and technology studies0.0080.025
Scholarly communication0.0040.002
Open science0.0010.001
Research integrity0.0010.002
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.005
GPT teacher head0.194
Teacher spread0.190 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designNot applicable
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2018
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

Explore more

Same venueProject Muse (Johns Hopkins University)Same topicTheoretical and Computational PhysicsFrench-language works237,207