Hot corrosion of wrought and weld overlay alloy 625 in molten salts environments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
KIVCET smelter is a modern direct smelting process which has been used to replace conventional sinter/blast furnace technology in pyrometallurgical process of lead and zinc. Although heavy metals including Cd, Pb, Zn, Fe as well as S, O and Cl, are the main elements playing a leading role in the formation of molten phase on the waterwall tubes of the KIVCET waste heat boiler, hot corrosion behavior and electrochemical properties of weld overlay and wrought alloy 625 have not been studied yet in the molten salt environments containing the above-mentioned elements. The present study was carried out to study hot corrosion behavior of the weld overlay and wrought alloy 625 as well as failure mechanism of the weld overlay alloy 625 under the corrosive conditions of the radiant boiler in the KIVCET smelter. It was found that the deposited salt mixtures on the waterwall tubes of the radiant boiler had a strong tendency to form a molten phase at the operating temperature range of the radiant boiler. Presence of the deposited salt mixtures and the formation of the molten phase led to the occurrence of the hot corrosion attack in the waterwall and the ultimate failure of the weld overlay. The dilution and, consequently, the presence of a significant amount of Fe in the weldment composition were the key issues in the alloy 625 weld overlay. High concentrations of sulfur and oxygen in the grain boundaries of the wrought alloy 625 are to blame for the occurrence of the intergranular corrosion together with the internal attack. An electrochemical model (a porous and non-protective barrier layer model) was used to explain the corrosion/electrochemical behavior of the wrought alloy which fit into the obtained EIS data well.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".