The effect of resistance training on regional brain volumes in older adults with subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Subcortical ischemic vascular cognitive impairment (SIVCI), caused by cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), is the most common form of vascular cognitive impairment. SIVCI is associated with reduced brain volumes, including the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC). Resistance training (RT) is a promising intervention for SIVCI as it can slow the progression of white matter hyperintensities. However, whether RT can benefit regional brain volumes in SIVCI has not been explored. Therefore, the primary objective of this thesis was to examine the effects of a 12-month progressive RT program on hippocampal and PFC volumes in older adults with SIVCI. Secondary objectives were to determine whether changes in hippocampus and PFC volumes are associated with changes in cognition (i.e., global cognition, memory and executive function). This was an analysis of secondary outcome measures from a randomized controlled trial amongst 89 adults aged ≥55 years with SIVCI defined as: 1) a Montreal Cognitive Assessment score of <26/30; and 2) confirmed presence of CSVD via computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Participants were randomized to: 1) progressive RT (n = 45); or 2) balance and tone (BAT; n = 46) exercises that were completed twice weekly under supervision. At baseline and trial completion, all participants underwent T1-weighted MRI scans and cognitive testing. Complete case analyses were conducted on 74 participants following quality checks. Analyses of covariance were conducted for RT vs BAT comparisons of post-intervention hippocampal and PFC volumes. Partial correlations were conducted to assess the associations between changes in total hippocampal and PFC volumes and changes in global cognition, memory, and executive functions. There were no between-group differences in volumes of the total hippocampus, hippocampal subfields, total PFC, and PFC regions of interest post-intervention. Change in total hippocampal and PFC volumes were associated with changes in performance on tests of episodic memory and executive function, respectively. The results of this thesis suggest that 12-months of twice-weekly progressive RT does not benefit hippocampal and PFC volumes in older adults with SIVCI. The preservation of brain volumes (i.e., HPC and PFC volumes) were associated with the maintenance of cognitive performance (i.e., memory and executive function).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".