Examining Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Spartina patens Aiton and Spartina alterniflora Loisel in the Minas Basin, Nova Scotia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Saltmarshes are one of the most productive ecosystems found worldwide, providing habitat for a diverse group of organisms. Saltmarshes form the basis for many food webs and play a role in storm buffering and coastal stabilization. Critically they serve as nursery and refuge habitat for many fishes, crustaceans and birds. Unfortunately, saltmarshes are in decline worldwide due to anthropogenic destruction, the warming global climate and sea level rise. In this study, Iexamined arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the root tissue of two dominant saltmarsh grasses, Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora (both Poaceae). AMF are known to colonize most plants, providing water and minerals in exchange for a carbon source. Nine sample cores were collected at the beginning, middle and end of the growth season for each species from the saltmarsh surrounding Wolfville Harbour, Nova Scotia. AMF root colonization counts were conducted using ink and vinegar staining to visualize the AMF microscopically and determine the strength of the mycorrhizal mutualism. DNA was extracted from the Spartina roots and subjected to a nested PCR to amplify the fungal ITS barcoding regions of the rDNA, purified through agarosegel extraction and re-amplified using a single general fungal primer set for sequencing. S. alterniflora showed an overall colonization rate of 9%, while S. patens exhibited a much higher colonization rate of 68%. One AMF species (Funneliformis geosporum, Glomeraceae) was identified from both Spartina species using DNA barcoding. The data collected throughout this study may help with the conservation and restoration of saltmarshes in Nova Scotia. Knowing the strength of the mutualism and understanding the AMF species forming them will help with the production of local AMF inoculants to aid in Spartina re-establishment in Nova Scotia.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".