Fabrication of Gold Hyperdoped Silicon Photodetectors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Short wave infrared light has multiple applications across the fields of imaging, telecommunications, and defense. Photodetectors for use in this spectrum usually require expensive and rare materials such as InGaAs, Ge, or HgCdTe. By hyperdoping silicon with gold, the optical absorption cutoff wavelength can be extended from 1100 to 2500 nm, allowing silicon to replace these materials, leveraging the robustness, maturity, and know-how of the silicon microfabrication industry. This effect arises due the introduction of an intermediate band within silicon’s 1.12 eV bandgap. However, gold hyperdoped silicon is metastable, which must be considered to avoid gold segregation. A process flow for creating silicon-based short wave infrared photodetectors was designed and executed. Three device layouts were designed, named the Teeth, Corner, and Busbar design. The process flow was designed for industrial compatibility, avoiding the use of electron beam lithography and ion implantation of transition metals. Microfabrication work was done at the University of Ottawa’s NanoFab, except for ion implantation done commercially and pulsed laser mixing work done at Benet Laboratories in Watervliet, New York. External quantum efficiency and I-V measurements under 1310 nm laser illumination were performed on fabricated devices.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".