A Comparison of Biotic and Abiotic Components Between a Spring-Fed and a Predominantly Lake-Fed Creek on Southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study compares biotic and abiotic components between a spring-fed and a predominantly lake-fed creek on Southern Vancouver Island. Colwood Creek flows through a subdivision, golf course, forest and along a highway. Hatley Creek is spring-fed and flows through forest. Sediment, Western Skunk Cabbage (Lysichiton americanus), invertebrates, water quality and discharge were sampled over a one-year period. Sediment and plant samples were analysed using X-ray Fluorescence for arsenic, cadmium, chromium, copper, mercury, nickel, lead, and zinc. Results showed that the contamination level of heavy metals in Colwood Creek is low, though one site had sediment quality guideline exceedances for arsenic, cadmium, lead, nickel and zinc. Arsenic, cadmium, copper, nickel, lead and zinc concentrations are likely increased by anthropogenic activities, as higher concentrations were found at sites close to subdivisions and highways. Significant differences were found between locations for copper, nickel, lead and zinc in sediment, and zinc in skunk cabbage.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".