Chemical and biological oceanographic conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence during 2024
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This report presents an overview of chemical and biological oceanographic conditions in the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence in 2024 relative to long-term means, based on data from the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program (AZMP) and regional programs. Oxygen saturation reached record lows at 200 m in the Estuary and northwest Gulf, and at 250 m in the latter. Nutrient inventories were generally below normal in surface waters and above normal in deep layers. Vertically integrated chlorophyll a inventories were near or slightly below normal, except in the Estuary and northwest Gulf, where they were above normal. Remote sensing observations showed slightly below-normal surface chlorophyll a on the Magdalen Shallows, and near or above normal elsewhere. Spring blooms were early or near normal, while fall blooms were delayed. Zooplankton biomass was generally low in the Gulf, despite above-normal abundances of Calanus finmarchicus, mainly due to very low Calanus hyperboreus levels at several sites. Small calanoids, non-copepods, and warm-water copepods abundances were mostly below or near normal. Calanus finmarchicus showed an early phenology.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".