Hydrodynamic Cavitation-Driven Energy Harvesting in Microfluidic Devices Using Thermoelectric Conversion
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This experimental study focuses on harvesting electrical energy from hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) in a microfluidic device with the use of a thermoelectric generator (TEG).In microscale "cavitation-on-a-chip" reactors, the collapse of vapor bubbles produces intense local heat generation and shockwaves that can be converted into electrical power via the Seebeck effect.Three reactor configurations with microchannel widths of 172 µm, 75 µm, and 40 µm were tested under upstream pressures up to ~4.1 MPa at room temperature.The best performance was observed in the smallest channels, where open-circuit voltages reached up to ~18 mV and shortcircuit currents up to ~0.61 mA, corresponding to a maximum estimated power output of ~11 µW/cm², comparable to wearable TEG systems where the temperature difference is low.These results prove the feasibility of converting microscale cavitation-induced thermal energy directly into electrical power.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".