Reduced Plural Verbal Ending in the Old English Bede and Some Other Translations from Latin of Mercian Origin
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The use of the reduced plural verbal ending in the environments other than those immediately preceding a personal pronoun subject is one of the morphosyntactic differences between Anglian and Late West Saxon dialects of Old English. It occurs prominently in the copies of the Old English Bede . Whereas most studies focus on the tokens of the reduced ending in this text, this article expands the corpus to include Werferth’s translation of Gregory’s Dialogues, the Old English Martyrology , and Rushworth One to identify the environments in which the reduced ending occurs in texts of Mercian origin and environments in which it is replaced with a full ending in Saxonized copies. This examination shows that in this corpus the reduced ending occurs in the declarative, interrogative, and imperative sentences. It is used in independent and dependent clauses in the present and preterite tenses in the indicative, subjunctive, imperative, and adhortative moods. Older and more conservative manuscripts contain more tokens of the reduced ending in all environments except when the verb immediately precedes a personal pronoun subject in the independent clause. However, there is no unambiguous correlation between the date of the manuscript and the number of the tokens of the reduced ending.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".