From loot boxes to lottery tickets: Gaming & gambling among BC youth aged 12-18
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 2021, McCreary Centre Society released a report about gambling among 12–18-year-olds in British Columbia (Understanding the odds: Gambling among BC youth aged 12–18). Since the report was released there has been an expansion of sports betting opportunities in Canada, as well as an increase in awareness of online gambling and video games with gambling elements, including those which encourage the purchase of in-game items. This report considers changes in gambling behaviours over time, looks at the prevalence of gaming and gambling among youth, considers where these activities intersect, and looks at associations with health and well-being. It also considers protective factors that can reduce the risk of youth regularly engaging in gaming and gambling for money. The report uses data from the BC Adolescent Health Survey (BC AHS). The survey is conducted approximately every 5 years in public schools across BC, with the most recent survey completed in 2023. Around 38,500 students participated in the 2023 BC AHS and the findings are considered representative of 98% of students in Grades 7–12 in mainstream public schools across BC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".