Bibliographic record
Abstract
(1.1) Scleroderma areolatum Ehrenb., Sylvae Mycologicae Berolinenses (Berlin): 27 (1818) (Fig. 3) Description:— Basidiomata small, 25–36 mm in diameter, 17–22 mm in height including a stipe 6–10 mm long, subglobose to tuberiform; odor indistinct; taste unknown. Peridium leathery, 0.2–0.5 mm thick, merino white (#F9F5EC), pale dirty orange (#FAF4E3) to pale earthy orange (#F8E8C4), turning reddish to brownish after damaged, with thin, flaky, dirty milky brown (#B7A48D) to coffee-bean brown (#483625) squamules. Gleba compact at first, becoming pulverulent, flint brown (#736960). Basal rhizomorphs moderately abundant, whitish. Basidiospores {40/1/1} (12) 12.5–16.5 (18.5) [14.04 ± 1.27, 13.50] µm in diameter including ornamentation, mostly globose, rarely subglobose, thick-walled, with echinulate to subreticulate ornamentation 1–2.5 µm high, brownish to purplish, often surrounded by remnants of placental cells. Basidia collapsed. Gleba trama composed of 2–5.5 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless, compact, moderately branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae occasionally with clamp connections. Peridial squamules composed of 2–4 μm wide, thin- to slightly thick-walled, brownish, moderately compact, moderately to frequently branching, interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Peridial trama composed of 2–5.5 μm wide, slightly thick-walled, nearly colorless to slightly brownish, compact, moderately to frequently branching, subregularly arranged to interwoven hyphae without clamp connections. Habits and distribution:— Gregarious, on soil, usually in subtropical forests, associated with plants of Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Juglandaceae, Pinaceae and Rosaceae. Currently known from Asia (China, Japan & South Korea), Europe (Belgium, North Macedonia, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Slovenia, Spain & UK), North America (Canada, Mexico & USA) and South America (Brazil) with molecular evidence. Collection examined:— China, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing City, Xuanwu District, Zijinshan Mountain, exact location unknown, August 11, 2023, Xia Chen & Kun L. Yang, ChenXia 285 -S 23105 (HTBM0348). Notes:— As confirmed in the current phylogeny (Fig. 1), this species is widely distributed across Asia, Europe, North America and South America. This species is recorded as poisonous, causing gastroenteritis and psycho-neurological disorder, in a recent checklist of poisonous mushrooms in China (Bau et al. 2024). It is notable that a species identified as “ Scleroderma cf. areolatum ” was detected in a serious mushroom poisoning incident on June 12, 2022 in Yunnan Province of China, causing the poisoning of nine patients, wherein two were dead (Li et al. 2023).
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".