Learning from school buildings: energy efficiency and user comfort in Metro Vancouver elementary schools
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this study, schools built after 2000 in Metro Vancouver, Canada, showed an encouraging trend towards lower carbon emissions and energy use intensity. In 17 case studies, heat pumps, decentralized ventilation systems, and higher glazing-to-wall ratios were positively associated with elementary school energy performance. Schools with heat recovery ventilators produced fewer carbon emissions than those without but had similar energy performance. Interviews with school staff highlighted challenges with heat pumps and commissioning, user coping strategies for overheating, and the important role of “energy champions”. Recommendations include using energy modelling to consider the impact of glazing area and envelope U-value; installing decentralized or zoned ventilation systems, heat pumps, blinds, shutters, dimmable lights, operable windows, fans, and heat recovery ventilators; providing regular commissioning of mechanical systems; and training building operators and building users. Further research is required to determine the impact of onsite building operators on energy consumption. This study is the first to examine associations between design, building operations, and energy performance of schools in Western Canada.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".