Initial investigations of lead chromate road paint in the Midwest, United States
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lead chromate (PbCrO 4 ) lacks systematic monitoring data in road paint in the U.S.A. A survey of road paint across Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Kentucky, and West Virginia was conducted to assess if PbCrO 4 exists in road paint in the modern environment. Scanning electron microscopy − energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) indicates Pb-Cr compounds occur in 30 samples among all states. Pb-Cr-bearing particles typically appear as nanometer to micrometer scale particles or aggregates. When present, dissolution textures in sampled road paints are indicative of potential metal release. XRD analysis on five representative paint samples confirms the presence of PbCrO 4 . Results indicate PbCrO 4 is a legacy pollutant in YRP in some regions of the Midwest U.S. PbCrO 4 may be transported and systematic geographic studies which integrate materials science research are warranted.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".