Leech infestation causing upper airway obstruction and severe anemia in a three year old child in rural Ethiopia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Leeches are hermaphrodites that rarely infest humans. When they infest humans, they most commonly enter in the endoparasite form when a human host drinks or swims in leech-infested water. Case presentation: A three-year old female presented to Arba Minch General Hospital with three days of difficulty breathing and ten days of blood-stained saliva. She was reported to have been drinking spring water that was known to be infested by leeches. She was diagnosed with upper airway obstruction and severe anemia secondary to leech infestation by direct laryngoscopy. The leech was removed with McGill’s forceps. She was transfused with three units of whole blood and observed for 48 hours prior to discharge. Conclusion: Although rarely seen in patients living in rural endemic areas, leech infestation should be considered in patients presenting with both upper airway obstruction and severe anemia. Increasing the availability of clean water in all rural areas is strongly recommended. Where this is not possible, the community should be educated on the importance of using boiled and filtered water for human consumption.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".