Altered Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut Immune Crosstalk in Hypertensive Middle-Aged Women (Data Supplement)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Data Supplement for Altered Tryptophan Metabolism and Gut Immune Crosstalk in Hypertensive Middle-Aged Women. ABSTRACT: The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of hypertension; however, there remains a significant gap regarding its role in middle-aged women, a demographic that has unique physiological and hormonal characteristics influencing both microbiome composition and blood pressure. Normotensive and hypertensive middle-aged women (n=108) from Alberta’s Tomorrow Project (AB, Canada) were matched for age (56.6 ± 0.9 years) and body mass index (24.3 ± 0.2 kg/m²). Fecal microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing while serum was assessed using untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics. Hypertensive women exhibited selective taxonomic shifts, evidenced by an elevated Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and enrichment of pro-inflammatory taxa, including Anaerostipes and Collinsella. Circulating levels of tryptophan and its pro-inflammatory metabolite kynurenine were significantly elevated, while microbiota-derived indoles, known for their anti-inflammatory effects were reduced. This metabolic shift was paralleled by a depletion of indole-producing species (Alistipes shahii, Bacteroides faecichinchillae, Bacteroides stercoris), suggesting impaired microbial tryptophan-to-indole conversion. Serum inflammatory cytokines, including interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and an elevated IL-12/IL-10 ratio, were increased in hypertensive participants. Notably, kynurenine was positively correlated with the IL-12/IL-10 ratio. Hypertension in middle-aged women is associated with altered abundance of functionally relevant taxa characterized by shifts in tryptophan metabolism toward pro-inflammatory kynurenine pathways at the expense of protective indole derivatives. Collectively, these findings highlight gut-immune-metabolic cross-talk contributing to hypertension and suggest microbiota-regulated tryptophan metabolism as a potentially modifiable therapeutic target.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.272 | 0.019 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".