Cortical haemodynamic response measured by functional near infrared spectroscopy during fine motor task performance in patients with mild cognitive impairment
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Seventy participants (30 patients with MCI, 40 HC) completed the nine hole peg test (NHPT) while fNIRS signals were recorded from the bilateral somatosensory cortex (SMC), premotor cortex (PMC), frontal area (FA) and Visual cortex (V). Additionally, all participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychological assessments, including the montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA), the auditory verbal learning test-Huashan version (AVLT-H), the shape trail test-a-Chinese version (STT-A-C), and the shape trail test-b-Chinese version (STT-B-C). The haemodynamic responses in the right FA, SMC, and left PMC may serve as potential neural biomarkers for identifying motor-cognitive dysfunction, particularly in the context of fine motor tasks. Compared to HC, patients with MCI exhibited significantly reduced haemodynamic responses in the right SMC, bilateral PMC, and FA during the NHPT task (all p < 0.05, FDR corrected). Superior fine motor performance was positively correlated with higher AVLT-Recall scores and shorter reaction times on STT_A_C and STT_B_C (all p < 0.05, FDR corrected). Additionally, higher haemodynamic activity in the right FA and SMC was significantly associated with shorter reaction times on STT_A_C and STT_B_C (all p < 0.05, FDR corrected). Furthermore, we conducted mediation analyses to investigate the effect of mean oxy-haemoglobin on the relationship between cognitive functions and NHPT. The results revealed that the mean oxy-haemoglobin of the right FA mediated the relationship between STT_A_C and NHPT performance, while the mean oxy-haemoglobin of the left PMC mediated the association between STT_B_C and NHPT outcomes (all p < 0.05). These findings indicate that cognitive impairments in memory and executive function in patients with MCI are associated with declines in fine motor control and reduced cerebral haemodynamic responses in the right FA and SMC. Furthermore, the oxy-haemoglobin levels in the right FA and left PMC were found to mediate the relationship between executive function and motor performance. To investigate differences in cortical haemodynamic responses and the relationship between cognitive and motor functions in patients with MCI and healthy older adults during fine motor task performance using fNIRS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".