Migratory Bird Permits: <i>Authorized Activities Involving Migratory Birds</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
What is the Migratory Bird Treaty Act? The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA)is the primary legislation in the U.S. established to conserve migratory birds. Under the MBTA, no one may take, possess, import, export, transport, sell, purchase, barter, or offer for sale, purchase, or barter, any migratory bird, or the parts, nests, or eggs of such a bird except under the terms of a valid permit issued pursuant to Federal regulations. The MBTA convers migratory bird species protected under four international treaties between the U.S. and Canada, Mexico, Japan, and Russia. All but a few of the bird species natural occurring in the U.S. are protected under the Act. What are Migratory Bird Permits? The MBTA greatly restricts what activities may be undertaken involving migratory birds. However, the Act also provides that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service may issue permits authorizing otherwise prohibited activities for scientific, educational, cultural, and other purposes. Pursuant to this provision, the Service issues permits to qualified applicants for the following activities involving migratory birds: Import/Export. Permits are issued to authorize the import and export of migratory birds and their parts, nests and eggs. (Certain permit exceptions apply to lawfully taken game birds). Scientific Collecting. Permits are issued to individuals collecting migratory birds on behalf of scientific institutions and agencies for educational and/or scientific purposes. Taxidermy. Permits are issued to qualified individuals to mount or otherwise perform taxidermy services on migratory birds, their parts, nests or eggs, belonging to someone else. Waterfowl Sale and Disposal. Although a permit is not required to possess properly marked captive-bred waterfowl or their eggs, a permit is necessary to engage in the sale or transfer of such birds. Properly marked captive-bred mallard ducks are an exception, requiring no permit to sell, buy or keep. Falconry. Permits are issued to individuals engaging in falconry, which is the art of training raptors for pursuit of game and the sport of hunting with raptors. Raptor Propagation. Permits are issued to qualified individuals and institutions breeding raptors for falconry and conservation purposes. Depredation permits. Permits are issued to take, possess, or transport migratory birds for damage control purposes, such as protection of personal or public property or for human health or safety reasons. Special Purpose. Permits are issued where the applicant demonstrates a legitimate purpose not otherwise provided for by any standard permit.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.007 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.098 | 0.072 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".