The Admissibility of Social Media\nEvidence in Canada\nPart 2: The Canada Evidence Act
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In Part 1 of this column, I reviewed the law concerning the admissibility of social media evidence in Canada at common law. In this second part, I will consider its admissibility pursuant to the Canada Evidence Act. Reprinted in R.S.C. 1985, c. C-5. As noted in Part 1, the issue of authentication of social media evidence has been addressed by Canadian judges through both the common law and the Canada Evidence Act (Act). In R. v. Hirsch, it was suggested that the provisions in the Canada Evidence Act dealing with the admissibility of social media evidence “is a codification of the common law rule of evidence authentication.” [2017] SKCA 14 at para. 18. This is true, but as will be seen, the statutory provisions are much broader than that, including how an “electronic document” is defined.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.052 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it