Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dryland (rain-fed) forages are critical for many livestock producers in the inland Pacific Northwest. The acreage of dryland alfalfa is minor compared to the acreage of native or tame pastures, and the overall production of irrigated alfalfa in this region. However, for ranchers in areas that receive significant snowpack, dryland hay is a necessity for overwintering pregnant cattle and sheep. Agronomic and production techniques for growing alfalfa on dryland are similar to those used under irrigation with a few exceptions related to establishment and input levels. Acreage and Production of Non-Irrigated Hay Dryland hay production and statistical reporting of non-irrigated hay varies significantly among the northwestern states. Dryland alfalfa hay production in Montana accounts for 52 % of alfalfa acreage and 29 % of annual production (Table 1). The reliance on alfalfa and other hay crops under rain-fed conditions in Montana is similar to the Canadian Prairie Provinces in terms of short growing seasons, precipitation patterns, snowpack conditions and on-farm hay feeding. Table 1. Acreage and production of irrigated and non-irrigated alfalfa hay, 1995-2005.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.609 | 0.555 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".