Bibliographic record
Abstract
The level and age trajectory of mortality at advanced ages in Canada are not readily and exactly obtained, because of problems with the reliability of data on deaths and on population counts beyond a certain point in the official statistics. There are ways to assure nonetheless the termination of the life tables. One consists in finding ways to validate a sufficient number of unbiased high ages at death to produce an accurate measure with the extinct, or almost extinct, generation method. Another is to establish convincing evidence as to the pattern of survival at the very high ages; mathematical techniques can then be used to generate the rates as an extension of mortality at ages 70 to 90 or 100. Our paper deals with both of these solutions in the Canadian context. The extinct generation method was used to produce new estimations of Canadian mortality which from our evaluation are quite reliable for ages 80 to 99 but suspect for centenarians. A systematic examination of the quality of age at death information for centenarians in Canada was thus undertaken. In a first stage, a sample of deaths of French-Canadians in the Province of Quebec were verified for accuracy in
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.558 | 0.167 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".