Bibliographic record
Abstract
After losing its independence in the seventeenth century dueto the forced annexation of the kingdom of the Ryukyus into the Japanese province of Satsuma, often referred to by Oki-nawans as the Satsuma invasion, from 1879 Okinawa became part of the Japanese Empire. The fact that many Okinawans eventually became fiercely patriotic can be gauged from the huge number of casualties in the Battle of Okinawa, the only land campaign during the Second World War fought on the homeland Japanese islands. During this campaign, nearly a quarter of the popu-lation of the main island of Okinawa died, approximately a quarter of a million deaths. As a result of the war, Okinawa was severed from Japanese control and ruled directly by the US until its reversion back to Japan in 1972.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.008 | 0.029 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.011 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.015 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.107 | 0.017 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".