Australasian Political Studies Association Conference
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In the period prior to 1997, a multitude of political parties, lobby groups and civic leaders were highly critical of the lack of a genuinely `localist ’ role for local government in Scotland. On one level, Scottish local authorities had powers substantially beyond those of municipal authorities in countries such as Australia, the USA and Canada (Norton 1994). They were responsible for many large-scale services, notably education, housing, social work, water and transport. Also, they accounted for roughly 40 % of the Scottish budget, employed over 238,000 full-time equivalent staff in a population of roughly 5.12 million, and were typically the largest employers in their area (Scottish Office 1998, table 1A; Scottish Office 1999a, appendix II). On another level, however, their legal, financial, and policy autonomy was heavily constrained by the context of the United Kingdom (UK) as a `Union State ’ (Mitchell 1996). This meant a marginal tailoring of UK-wide policies to the Scottish context, rather than reflecting the wishes of a Scottish electorate and a wider civil society with its own partially distinctive preferences and values. In 1999, two years into a New Labour government at Westminster, a Scottish
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.401 | 0.131 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".