Psychological distress one year after childbirth
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to compare rates of psychological distress, one year after childbirth, between women living in France, Italy and Quebec (Canada). Methods: Analysis was performed for a sample of 1663 mothers of one-year-old children. Psychological distress rates, measured by the General Health Questionnaire and a measure of psychotropic drug use, were compared in bivariate and multivariate analysis. Results: According to the GHQ scores, the psychological distress rate was significantly higher in Quebec (16 % scoring over 5) than in France (11%) and Italy (9%). Differences between countries were most marked for women with a low level of education, who were more distressed in Quebec than elsewhere. However, psychotropic drug use was significantly more common in France than in Italy and Quebec. When the two indicators of psychological distress were combined (high GHQ score or use of psychotropic drugs), France and Quebec presented similar distress rates, both significantly different from Italy. Conclusion: Differences in the expression of distress may partly account for the observed differences in distress rate between countries. However, the social structure of each country probably plays a role in the development of psychological distress, possibly leading to differences in distress rate between countries.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".