Toronto, Ontario, where he wrote this Extended Essay for Mr. McKell during the 2002/2003 academic year. AUSTRIA-HUNGARY AND THE COMPROMISE OF 1867
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A variety of cultures and races lived under the rule of the Habsburgs from their rise to power in 1278 to the empire’s eventual dissolution in 1918.1 For some time since 1848, the Austro-Hungarian empire had been weakening. As a result of internal nationalist fervor it was also facing the prospect of a revolt, one as wide-ranging as the Springtime of the Peoples.2 Nationalists such as Camillo di Cavour and Otto von Bismarck3 were liberating the Austrian-occupied lands of Italy and Prussia. The threat of empire-wide dissolution was quickly becoming a reality for the Habsburg ruler of Austria, Franz Joseph.4 Having no military method with which to suppress the kingdom’s internal Hungarian nationalism, Franz Joseph signed a compromise in 1867 with the Magyars,5 a group of upper middle class bourgeoisie living in Hungary, to pacify their growing dissat-isfaction with the status quo. The industrial revolution had enabled
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.080 | 0.019 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".