The Canadian Journal of Native Studies VII, 2 (1987):399-414.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Among the Mopan Maya the soul (Spirit or life force) is seen as a tangible entity, represented in the human shadow. The shadow is as vulnerable as the body to physical forces. As maturation increases, detachment, and loss of shadow from the body, is an ever present real fear for the Mopan Maya. In any discussion of how the Mopan perceive human development, growth, nutrition, reproduction, illness and death, the concept of the shadow-soul as life force plays as important a role as that of blood, food, witchcraft, and fear, topics on which there already exists a considerable literature. Les Mopan Maya voient l'âme (l'esprit, ou la force vitale) comme une entité palpable, représentée dans l'ombre humaine. L'ombre est aussi vulnérable que le corps aux forces physiques. Les Mopan Maya craignent que le développement physique n'entraîne le perte et la séparation de l'ombre du corps. Dans toute discussion à propos de la manière dont les Mopan voient le développement humain, la croissance, la nutrition, la reproduction, la maladie et la mort, le concept de l'ombre-âme comme force vitale joue un rôle aussi important que celui que jouent le sang, l'alimentation, la sorcellerie et la peur, sujets sur lesquels il y a déjà beaucoup de documentation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.004 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.086 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".