Bibliographic record
Abstract
As power utilities around the world become deregulated, they enter into a far more competitive marketplace. Coal and oil fired power plant which may once have been operated under base load conditions may now find itself required to operate on a more flexible basis with load variations and two shift operation increasingly becoming the norm. This is especially true of older plants, originally designed as base load units, which are increasingly being displaced by modern more efficient and more flexible plant. In order to survive in the new commercial marketplace, it is essential that they not only adapt to flexible operation, but that they also understand both the engineering and commercial consequences of new operating techniques. This is a world-wide phenomenon. Whilst some countries have adapted well to the new marketplace, many countries are only just gearing up to managing the situation. It is a major concern to many utilities and power plant operators. In the year 2000, European Technology Development (ETD) led an international industry sponsored project involving partners and sponsors from Europe, USA and Canada. The project was aimed at reviewing damage to power plant components due to two shift (i.e. cyclic) operation. The project involved a review of technical issues, costs, management and manpower implications. The review involved visits to experts and plant staff and discussions on their operating practices and problems involved when two shifting. A comprehensive report was produced both on plant experience and related research findings.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.327 | 0.129 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".