Feeding Cull Potatoes to Dairy and Beef Cattle
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In a year where feed is in short supply and grain prices are high, dairy and beef cattle producers begin looking for alternative feedstuffs. One option worth considering is cull potatoes. In Wisconsin we grow potatoes on about 62,000 acres and produce almost 26 million hundredweight (cwt) of potatoes or 1.3 million tons annually. The 2012 North American potato crop is expected to surpass 2011 production by 42.5 million cwt, or 8.1%. US production is forecast to increase by 8.4%, while the Canadian crop is up 7.1%. At 564.0 million cwt, the forecast would make this North America’s largest potato crop since 2004. Potatoes unsalable because they do not meet size, grade, or quality standards, or potatoes disposed of because of low market value due to over production are considered cull potatoes. This culling occurs at harvest as potatoes go into storage and then again when they are removed from storage and packed for sale. Those that are diseased, damaged, out of grade, or in oversupply are culled and discarded. 2012 is shaping up to have some overages and potato packers and
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.019 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".