Bibliographic record
Abstract
An electronic version of this report is available on our Web site: www.osfi-bsif.gc.caFOREWORD This study provides an overview of historical and future mortality trends in Canada as assumed under the Twenty-Third Canada Pension Plan (CPP) Actuarial Report. The study also reviews the mortality experience of CPP retirement and survivor beneficiaries by gender and level of pension. In 2005, life expectancy at birth in Canada stood at 78 years for males and 83 years for females. This significant increase in life expectancy at birth since the start of the 20 th century of 27 years for males and 31 years for females is the result of the decrease in age-specific death rates over that period. In Canada, most of the increase in life expectancy at birth over the last thirty years has come from improvements in mortality at ages 65 and over while prior to that time most of the increase in life expectancies at birth came from mortality improvements at ages under 65. As a result, over the last 30 years, life expectancy at age 65 has increased from 14 to 18 years for males and from 18 to 21 years for females. More recently, male mortality improvement rates have been
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.464 | 0.455 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".