TITLE: Auditory Screening and Hearing Loss Prevention: A Review of the Clinical Evidence and Guidelines
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The prevalence of childhood hearing loss in newborns and infants has been estimated in the range of 1 to 3.47 cases per 1000 live births. 1,2 The prevalence rate across Canada is not readily available, but estimates from the province of Ontario indicate that 3 in 1000 infants suffer from permanent hearing impairment, either at birth or developing early in childhood. 3 Hearing loss in infants and children has been associated with increased difficulties with verbal and nonverbal communication, increased behavioural problems, poor academic performance, and decreased psychosocial well-being. 4,5 It is understood that the early identification of hearing loss, followed by timely and appropriate intervention, is most beneficial to children and families affected. 5,6 Universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) is a recommended strategy for identifying infants born with hearing loss soon after birth, 2,5-8 but is not yet available to all Canadian newborns. 2 In
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.016 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".