ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF EDUCATION FOR DEMOCRACY: WHAT ARE THEY AND WHY SHOULD THEY BE AT THE CORE OF THE CURRICULUM IN SCHOOLS?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
of Communism. ” Well, Marx’s specter has faded, and in today’s world, democracy and liberty have superceded it. During the last quarter of the 20th century, there has been a global surge of democracy that has transformed international relations and inspired peoples in places throughout the world. The current and continuing advance of democracy in the governments of nation-states has brought about a correspondingly strong surge of education for democracy. In particular, I know leaders of post-communist countries in Southeastern Europe who recognize that the development of an authentic democracy depends, in large part, upon the education of competent citizens. They want to teach students what democracy is and what it is not, how to practice democracy, and why it is good—or at least better than the alternatives to it. The rising tide of international interest in education for democracy has stimulated fresh thinking about education for democracy in my country, the United States of America. As educators from around the world have turned
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.020 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.008 | 0.035 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.012 | 0.019 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.009 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.011 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.010 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".