Bibliographic record
Abstract
Brunswick (UNB), where he is investigating the effects of the troposphere on kinematic GPS positioning. Richard Langley is a professor in the Department of Geodesy and Geomatics Engineering at UNB, where he has been teaching since 1981. He has a B.Sc. in applied physics from the University of Waterloo and a Ph.D. in experimental space science from York University, Toronto. Prof. Langley has been active in the develop-ment of GPS error models since the early 1980s and is a contributing editor and columnist for GPS World magazine. In post-processing dual frequency GPS carrier phase data, the residual tropospheric delay can easily be the largest remaining error source. This error can contribute a bias in height of several centimetres even if simultaneously recorded meteorological data are used. This shortcoming is primarily due to the poor representation of the water vapour profile in the tropospheric delay models. In addition, a lack of real-time meteorological data would force the scaling of either surface values or standard atmosphere values, neither of which are likely to accurately represent the ambient atmosphere. To obtain the highest precision in kinematic GPS some advantage may be obtained by estimating the residual tropospheric delay along with the position of the moving platform. The simple tests reported in this paper removed biases of upto ten centimetres in height when estimating the residual tropospheric delay from GPS data recorded at an aircraft in flight. However, important limitations exist in the geometry of the satellite coverage which must be considered before the full reliability of the technique can be assessed.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".