Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 5/2/11 ALMA, THE ATACAMA LARGE MILLIMETRE/SUBMILLIMETRE ARRAY†
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The first of the great ‘world observatories’, ALMA is now fully constructed, and entering a phase in which science operations take over from commissioning tasks. Astronomers submitted 1381 separate proposals for the last observing round, the most ever received by an observatory; 10 % of these in-cluded Canadian co-applicants. ALMA’s highest impact areas are major fields of focus for Canadian astronomers: extragalactic astronomy and cosmology; star formation and the interstellar medium; and circumstellar disks and planet formation. Subject headings: ALMA – millimetre – submillimetre 1. WHAT IS ALMA? ALMA, the Atacama Large Millimetre/Submillimetre Array [1], is the world’s premier interferometeric obser-vatory in the wavelength range that is ideal for studying conditions in the cold and obscured Universe [2]. Fig. 1. — ALMA antennas on the Chajnantor Plateau. Credit:
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.889 | 0.788 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; the direct Gemma label and the distilled Codex classifier agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".