Bibliographic record
Abstract
Over a little more than the past decade, governments internationally have devolved responsibility for ports from the public sector to the private sector. The outcome of port devolution depends on the governance systems put in place. This paper adds to the growing body of literature on what constitutes good governance in the transport sector. First, some background on devolution as an alternative service delivery mode is presented. Second, the authors propose, based on a survey of strategic management and organization theory literature, that good governance of devolution efforts requires matching the characteristics of three organization- or program-level variables: the external environment, organizational goals and strategies, and organizational structures and systems. They present this proposition as the Matching Framework. Next, they describe ports devolution in Canada and the Philippines. Finally, after observing current performance of the devolution efforts, they use the Matching Framework to explain the outcomes and draw general conclusions. DEVOLUTION AND ALTERNATIVE SERVICE DELIVERY Over a little more than the past decade, governments internationally have devolved responsibility from the public sector to the private sector for transport support industries. In Canada,
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".