Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Manitoba Hydro electrical system supplies the province of Manitoba. The winter peak load of Manitoba Hydro is approximately 4200 MW and the installed generating capacity is 5700 MW, primarily hydraulic. The ac system is interconnected with Saskatchewan to the west with four 230 kV ac lines and with Ontario to the east via two 230 kV ac lines. There are three 230 kV and one 500 kV ac interties between Manitoba Hydro and the U.S. power system to the south. The surplus power from Manitoba Hydro is transmitted to the interconnected systems. Power is imported during times of drought. The maximum power exported to the U.S. can be up to 2200 MW, with up to 1600 MW of that total appearing on the 500 kV interconnection. Under high export conditions, loss of any one of these lines without remedial action can result in cascading tripping of all the remaining ties between the Manitoba Hydro system and the U.S., Ontario and Saskatchewan systems, resulting in islanding of the Manitoba Hydro system. This paper describes the use of an integrated AC/DC special protection scheme to maintain system stability following loss of any of the Manitoba to U.S. tie lines.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.405 | 0.228 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".