Effects of diagenesis on the Nd-isotopic composition of black shales
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Utica black shales were deposited in the Taconic Foreland basin ∼420 Ma ago. The organic matter in these shales is of marine origin and the timing of deposition of these shales has been constrained by graptolite biostratigraphy and bentonite chronostratigraphy. Rare earth element (REE) concentrations and Nd-isotopic ratios were measured in whole rock black shales with different grades of thermal maturity from the Utica Shale Magnafacies of Quebec (immature), Ontario (mature), and New York (post mature). These measurements were also made in the organic, carbonate, and sulfide fractions of the shales, that were isolated by sequential leaching. The purpose of this study is to understand how diagenesis (thermal maturation) may affect the Nd-isotopic compositions of different components as well as the whole rock black shales. Bulk rock REE concentrations of the Utica black shales are similar to average shales. However, these rocks show large range in
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".