Predictors and Consequences of Grade Retention Examining Data From Manitoba, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract: Data from a population-based repository in Manitoba showed that students who are male, young for grade, and in Grades 1, 2, 7, and 8 were the most likely to be retained. After controlling for key student factors including socioeconomic status, school changes, and key school characteristics including stability of the student body, retention was a strong predictor of high school withdrawal rates. The odds of student withdrawal were 3 times higher for students who have been retained once and almost 8 times higher for students who had been retained more than once. Not only do with-drawal rates suggest that retention is potentially harmful, but also Grade 3 standards test results taken in consecutive years by retained students indicate that only one in four retained students improve their score. These results generally replicate the research done in the United States. Résumé: Les données d’un répertoire de la population générale au Manitoba montrent que les étudiants qui sont mâles, plus jeunes que les autres enfants de la classe et en 1ère, en 2ème, en 7ème ou en 8ème année étaient les plus probables à devoir redoubler. Après avoir contrôlé les facteurs estudiantins les plus importants tels que le statut socioéconomique et
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".