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Record W7096284614

Chemonics International

2001· article· en· W7096284614 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

Venuenot available
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBusiness, Management and Accounting
TopicValue Engineering and Management
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsStalemateNegotiationMultilateral trade negotiationsProtectionismMarket accessOrder (exchange)Free tradeTrade agreement
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

The objective of this paper is to provide a review of the Sanitary and Phytosanitary provisions of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). However, in order to understand the NAFTA it is necessary to understand the history of its negotiation and its relationship with the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (CUSTA) and the Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations. The CUSTA negotiations began first, in April 1986. At that time Canada realized that access to its most important trading partner was at risk as a result of protectionist forces in the United States (Warley and Barichello). One manifestation of Canada’s problem was the United States aggressive use of administered protection. Canada’s goal heading into the negotiations was to secure and improve market access to its most important trading partner, thereby obtaining preferred access to the giant United States market. For the United States, the negotiation of the CUSTA signalled to the rest of the world that it was willing to consider regional trade agreements, given what appeared to be a stalemate in launching the next round of multilateral negotiations. The multilateral negotiations finally began in the fall of 1986 and didn’t conclude until December 1993.1 Hence, the negotiation of both the CUSTA and the NAFTA overlapped the multilateral negotiations whose provisions came into effect on January 1, 1995.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
Consensus categoriesInsufficient payload (model declined to judge)
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Not applicable · Consensus signal: none
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: none
Teacher disagreement score0.930
Threshold uncertainty score1.000

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0010.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.012
GPT teacher head0.197
Teacher spread0.185 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2001
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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