THE UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY IF GPS Signal Simulator Development and Verification
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A software-based intermediate frequency (IF) GPS signal simulator for the L1 C/A code signal is developed and verified in this thesis. The signal simulator is implemented in MATLAB with some key functions coded in C to accelerate speed of operation. A mathematical signal model is developed that expresses the digitized IF GPS signal as a function of various errors during propagation, such as satellite clock error, ionosphere error, and troposphere error; and user defined parameters, such as date and GPS time, user trajectory, expected C/N0, noise density, intermediate frequency, sampling rate, front-end bandwidth, and quantization bit. The simulator is verified by comparing the simulated signal with the hardware-collected IF GPS signal in the time, frequency, correlation and position domains. Partially for the simulator verification purpose, a software GPS receiver was developed and verified, which was used to process the simulated signal to get the pseudorange and carrier phase measurements. The signal acquisition and tracking techniques originally studied and verified in this thesis were used for the first generation software receiver
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.025 | 0.011 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".