The Morning After Optimal Greenhouse Gas Policies for Canada’s Kyoto Obligations and Beyond
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In this issue... As the fortunes of the Kyoto Protocol ebb and flow, Canada should focus on a fundamental and enduring objective, which is to implement well-designed policies that lead to a cleaner energy system by fostering long-run technological change without wreaking short-run economic havoc. The Study in Brief In December 2002, after months of acrimonious national debate, the Canadian government ratified the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement that commits Canada to reducing greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) to 6 percent below their 1990 level by 2010. Many of those opposed to ratification argued that the government committed Canada to an ambitious target without knowing the economic ramifications. Ottawa has since intensified its existing GHG policies while launching discussions with provincial governments and industry groups in an effort to develop additional programs. It is not yet possible to assess fully Canada's approach, but its emphasis on voluntary initiatives by businesses, consumers, and municipalities, supported by modest government subsidies, is similar to the dominant energy policies
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.017 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.013 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.015 | 0.013 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".