CONCISE COMMUNICATION Rapid Antiviral Effect of Inhaled Zanamivir in the Treatment of Naturally Occurring In¯uenza in Otherwise Healthy Adults
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The antiviral and clinical effects of inhaled zanamivir (10 mg twice daily for 5 days, started within the ®rst or second day of a ¯ulike illness) were evaluated in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial during the 1997±1998 in¯uenza season in Canada. Pharyngeal secretions were collected with swabs every 12 h during 6 days, and symptoms were self-evaluated twice daily during 14 days. After only 12 h of treatment (1 dose), median virus titers decreased by 1.0 log10 TCID50/mL in the zanamivir group (), compared with a 0.42-log10 increase in then = 17 placebo group ( ;). This was associated with a 4.5-day (47.4%) reduction in then = 10 P =.08 median time to alleviation of all signi®cant ¯u symptoms in the zanamivir recipients (P = after adjusting for the initial virus titer and the time between onset of symptoms and.03 treatment). Resistance to zanamivir was not detected in virus isolates by either phenotypic or genotypic assays. Amantadine has been available in the United States for the treatment of in¯uenza for 13 decades. Nevertheless, its use is limited by its narrow spectrum of activity (effective against in¯uenza A viruses only), frequent side effects, and rapid and
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".