SANDFORD FLEMING AND THE PACIFIC CABLE: THE INSTITUTIONAL POLITICS OF NINETEENTH-CENTURY OF IMPERIAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sandford Fleming (1827-1915) spent the greater part of his life "fur-thering the establishment of national works of inter-communication" such as the transcontinental railroad (1885) and telegraph (1886), the Pacific Cable (1902), and the coordinating grid of World Standard Time (1983-85). Fleming's exploits help draw the parallels between the role of communication technologies and institutions in the projects of late nineteenth-century Canadian nation-building and British em-pire-building. Sandford Fleming (1827-1915) a pass6 la majeure partie de sa vie ZI "promouvoir I'Ctablissement de projets nationaux d'intercommunica-tion " tel que le chemin de fer transcontinental (1885), le tClCgraphe (1886), le cible sous-marin du pacifique (1902), et la standardisation mondiale du temps. L'oeuvre de Fleming mais aide ZI Ctablir des paralkles entre la r6le des technologies de communication et des in-
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.013 | 0.019 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".