Hollywood North: The Impact of Costs and Demarcation Rules on the Runaway Film Industry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper seeks to determine the underlying causes behind the “runaway film phenomenon”: the mass migration of American feature filmmaking to Canada, particularly British Columbia, which has resulted in the loss of millions of dollars and thousands of motion picture production jobs in the Los Angeles area. Four possible causes are examined: the US/Canada exchange rate; rebates paid by the Canadian national and provincial governments to producers who hire Canadian motion picture production workers; demarcation rules present in the Hollywood production workers’ contract; and the escalation of actors ’ salary demands, which forces producers to cut costs in other areas of filmmaking. Regression and maximum likelihood analyses are used to determine the magnitude of each of these four possible causes on the ratio of runaway to non-runaway films over the time period 1977-2000. The author finds that the demarcation rules, which are accentuated by the rebates and exchange rate, are a driving force behind runaway production. Actors ’ salaries are also found to promote runaway filming, although to a less determined extent due to data insufficiency.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".