Decadal changes in the ocean climate in Newfoundland amd Labrador waters from the 1950s to he 1990s
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A review of decadal changes in the ocean climate in NAFO waters adjacent to Newfoundland and Labrador is presented based on standard station and section data and data from fishery resource assessment surveys. Both the annual trends and decadal means are examined for the decades of the 1950s to the 1990s. The analysis indicates that the 1950s and particularly the 1960s were the warmest decades during the latter half of the 20th century and the 1990s represent the third consecutive decade with below normal temperatures on the Newfoundland Shelf. The decadal mean salinity indicate that the magnitude of negative salinity anomaly on the inner Newfoundland Shelf during the 1990s was comparable to that experienced during the 'Great Salinity Anomaly ' of the early 1970s. In addition, the decade of the 1990s has experienced some of the most extreme variations since measurements began during the mid-1940s. Ocean temperatures ranged from record low values during 1991 to record highs during 1999 in many areas, particularly on the Grand Bank of Newfoundland. The potential impact of the changes in ocean climate during the past several decades on marine production in Newfoundland waters is discussed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".