Medicaid and Mothers ’ Employment and Wages
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Welfare reform promised welfare mothers that if they went to work, they would receive the work supports and assistance necessary to help them find and keep employment. Congress has fulfilled some of that promise in that expenditures on work supports have increased since the early 1990s. However, work supports are generally time-limited and phase-out quickly as income rises. This limits the ability of mothers to stay employed because most do not easily transition off government work supports into private-sector work supports. Because of time-limits and phase-outs, low-income and welfare mothers lose eligibility for Medicaid and other work supports as they move up the job ladder. Employer-provided health insurance is an option for those lucky enough to have found a job that provides it. However, few mothers make the transition from Medicaid to employer-provided health insurance. Between the beginning of 2002 and the end of 2003, 37.2 percent of those on Medicaid left the program, but fewer than a quarter of those had employer-provided health insurance. The problem is not that Medicaid leavers lack employment, but that they do not find jobs offering employer-provided health insurance. Among those who left Medicaid in the late 1990s, the share moving from a job without employer-provided health insurance to one with insurance
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".