Effects of Different Hyaluronic Acid Products on Synovial Fluid Levels of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different hyaluronic acid (HA) forms on synovial fluid levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) during the treatment of patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). Forty patients were randomly assigned to 2 groups that were treated with native sodium hyaluronate (group I) or cross-linked hylan G-F 20 (group II). Clinical evaluations and synovial fluid aspirations were performed before the 1st injection (baseline), the 2nd injection (week 1), the 3rd injection (week 2), and at 1 week after the 3rd injection (week 3). Synovial fluid levels of both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 were significantly reduced at weeks 1 to 3, compared to the baseline values. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) Index was used for clinical evaluations; the WOMAC pain score and physical function score were progressively improved at weeks 1 to 3 in both groups; the WOMAC stiffness score was significantly improved at week 3 in both groups. No significant differences were noted between the 2 treatment groups in respect to ICAM-1 levels, VCAM-1 levels, WOMAC pain score, stiffness score, or physical function score at any time. The decreased ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels after intra-articular HA injection may help to explain the anti-inflammatory effects of HA therapy in knee OA. (received 1 April 2004, accepted 1 May 2004)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".