452 IARC MONOGRAPHS VOLUME 98 2. Studies of Cancer in Humans
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Among municipal firefighters, five studies evaluated the incidence of cancer and 15 assessed mortality – some with multiple reports. None of these was adjusted for smoking, or other potential confounders. Mastromatteo (1959) conducted a cohort mortality study of all firefighters employed with the city fire department in Toronto, Ontario, Canada during 1921– 1953. The cohort consisted of 1039 active and retired firefighters. A total of 325 firefighters (31%) were lost to follow-up. The followed cohort accrued 25 918 person–years of observation; 271 deaths were recorded. Causes of death were determined by the examination of death certificates. Comparison was made to agespecific death rates for the Province of Ontario. Because most of the firefighters were urban dwellers, the author calculated death rates for the City of Toronto. There was no excess mortality from cancer at all sites combined (34 observed, 30 expected), and no site-specific analysis of cancer mortality. Musk et al. (1978) conducted a cohort mortality study in 5655 firefighters with three or more years of service in Boston, USA, during 1915–1975. Firefighters were
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".