1 BASELINE SELENIUM IN SCULPINS RELATED TO THE NORTHEAST BRITISH COLUMBIA COAL ZONE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a contaminant of particular concern for coal mines in British Columbia and elsewhere. The primary concern is uptake of the organic form of Se by fish and water birds, potentially resulting in reproductive impairments of their offspring. Because the primary concern relates to dietary uptake, tissue Se concentrations are measured and compared to tissue threshold reference values (TRVs) to determine whether or not there is a potential risk. However, Se is also an essential element that can be preferentially accumulated by organisms. Thus, background tissue concentrations need to be determined to reduce uncertainties in the application of TRVs. Extensive coal mining development is presently occurring in the northeast of British Columbia (B.C.), Canada, where the rocks are Se-enriched such that natural background concentrations can be elevated. This paper reports on the determination of background Se concentrations in whole bodies of slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) collected from reference areas both inside and outside the coal zone. Sculpins collected from reference areas within the coal zone generally had higher Se whole body concentrations than those outside the coal zone and consistently exceeded the current B.C. fish whole body draft interim Se guidelines, sometimes also exceeding the 50 % higher USEPA draft fish whole body Se criterion for summer sampling. These data will be useful for assessing potential risks from Se released by coal mining in northeast B.C. and possibly elsewhere.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".